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Wang Yangming’s interpretation and evidence of “Four Sentences Teaching”
Author: Fu Xihong (Zhongshan Dajia Academy of Sciences)
Source: “Philosophy Research” Issue 7, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 25th day of the first lunar month of Gengzi in 2570
� href=”https://twsweetdating99.org/”>Baoqiang.com comparison is that Yang Ming himself believes in the “Four Sentences Teaching” is both general and indiscriminate. In his opinion, “no good and evil” and “good and evil” are just descriptions of the concept of “developed” and are the paths to divergence that lead to “good and evil” under different conditions. The complete mind of the mind comes from the power of a confidant, so there is no need to be determined and attached; there is good and evil, and there is no need to be determined and attached to others due to selfish desires. The “four no” and “four no” that focus on the two are not different from high or low. The difference is the difference between the differences. The four-sentence teaching includes two aspects: Four No and Four No, as learning paths; the meaning of being neither good nor evil includes being good and evil, and uses it as the most basic. These two points respectively guarantee the generality and incompetence of the four sentences. Later generations often ignore these two points, and doubts and criticism arise from this.
Keywords: Wang Yangming; Four-sentence teaching; be kind and evil;
In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), Wang Yangming, who was about to go to the expedition to Si and Tian (now Guangxi), had a famous dialogue with Wang Ji and Money Dehong on the Tianquan Bridge in Yuecheng (now Shuxing), which was called “Tianquan Verification Dao”. The important reason why this dialogue is famous is that it is developed in the “Four Sentences Teaching” of the target. The content of the four-sentence teaching is: “No good or evil is the body of the mind, good or evil is the movement of the mind, knowing that good or evil is the confidant, and going to evil is the investigation of things for good or evil.” According to the “Traditional Record” and “The Book of Wang Yang’s Age”, Yang Ming gave four highly taught reviews, saying: “I only follow the directions of others, and I have no illness. This is because I work hard to work hard”; “Use this to practice by myself and become a saint; use this to meet others, and there is no difference.”
However, in sharp contrast to Yang Ming’s self-constraint of the four-sentence teaching, the four-sentence teaching has aroused widespread doubts and criticisms in later generations. Those who are suspicious are like Liu Zongzhou. The four sentences of doubt do not come from Yangming, but from the royal capital. Liu believed that: “Folks follow the four-sentence teaching methods, and they are not seen in the “Yangming Collection”, but their statements come from Longxi.” (“Ming Confucianism Case·Talks”, page 16) If critics are dissatisfied, they believe that there is no good or bad Based on the Internet and horse taxes are inconsistent with doing good and going to be evil: “As long as you don’t have any, you don’t have good or bad, you don’t have bad luck.Is there any evil goodness, and can I go to be evil? Since I have gone to be evil for goodness, can I go to be evil without goodness?” (“Tonglin Association”, see “The Book of the Lord Wen of the Guardian”, page 8) and believe that if you take the initiative, you will definitely lead to serious consequences of confusing right and wrong and confusing goodness. He summarized the consequences as “Bad goodness is evil” , the sales are not bad” (Volume 11 of “Watching the Notes on the Vigilance of the Same Model”, see the same as above, page 7) and “What good is not bad?…Why is evil is not good?” (Volume 58 of the Confucian School of Ming Dynasty, page 746)
Why did Yang Ming be full of faith in the four sentences? He and Wang Ji are in the four平台 What are the differences in the views on the teaching problem? Whether there is no good or evil and whether it is good or evil can be really contradictory, whether the path of learning represented by “existence” can be really swallowed up by the body represented by “no” or the path of learning. ?After the foundation, why does Yangming ensure that the four-sentence teaching is both broad and has no disadvantages? Through the analysis of these problems, we may be able to understand the theoretical structure of the four-sentence teaching in a comprehensive and accurate manner.
Recently, a knowledge competition program with a doctoral student as the protagonist is very popular. In the academic world, it is generally believed that , “Traditional Records” Article 315 (Volume 3 of “Selected Works of Wang Yangming”, Volume 3, Pages 133-134. The following is briefly called “Selected Works of Wang Yang”, “The Age of Wang Yang” Article “Xuanyue Renwu and Yuezhong” in the sixth year of Jiajing (Volume 35 of “Selected Works of Wang Ji”, Volume 1 of “Tianquan Verification Dao” ( Volume 1 of Wang Ji Collection, pages 1-2) is a basic information for clarifying the four-sentence teaching. These three paragraphs are totally more than two thousand words. To save space, this article does not record the original text, but only indicates sequence numbers 1, 2, and 3 when used, which respectively represent the above three texts. In addition, the basic Yangming itself is “the main theme of the four sentences Inseparable“(2), this article continues to use the term “Four Sentences of Teaching”.
1. Two ways to “good good and evil”
To Yangming, there is no conflict between being good and being good and being evil. Being good and being evil is based on being good and being evil, and the meaning of being good and being evil just includes good and being evil. It is evil and takes it as the most basic foundation. The distinction between good and evil is that the human heart is not affected by selfish desires and is affected by selfish desires, and the path to achieve good and evil.
Yang Ming came to “the human heart is originally undesirable” (1) Explain the meaning of “no good and no evil”. So, what does “Ming Jing Wu Wu Wu” mean? This will touch on his thinking of using mirrors to illustrate the essence of the mind or to say the mind. The following paragraph can explain the meaning of “Ming Jing Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu is born with his mind” Buddha once said, but it is not wrong. The bright mirror is beautiful, and the mother is beautiful. Once it shines, it is true, which is the heart. Beauty is beautiful, mother is mother. If you don’t stay, you will be inhabited by no means.. “(Volume 2 of “Choose Collection”, page 79) “One illuminates everything and is true” means that once things are reflected in the mirror, the mirror can show the beauty and ugliness of things without losing the truth. Yangming uses this to illustrate this, for example, the mind can give things a perfect good and just evaluate them. This is called “just right”, but it means that the good evil produced by the mind is the impulse of good good and bad. The so-called “ming” refers to the mind’s moment. The moment is all about making the thoughts that are developed are the state of good and evil thoughts. “Once not leaving” means that once things disappear from the lens, they will not be left in the lens, so as to affect the accurate presentation of the subsequent things. Yangming uses this as an example, the mind is not attached to past thoughts and can make appropriate good evaluations for things. The so-called “no loss” means that the mind is not affected by the previous thoughts and can produce good things at the moment. The state of evil thoughts. 1
The reason why the mind can be good and evil is that good and evil is the inherent talent of the mind and the essential characteristic of the mind. It is precisely because good and evil is the inherent talent of the mind. Therefore, as long as the mind is clear in the process of constantly responding to things, it will definitely be indestructible. However, it is the subject of this kind of good and evil talent. The meaning is overwhelmed. In a sentence, if the mind has something to be lost, it will not be too late to be clear; since the mind can be clear at the same time, it means that it has been done without mercy. Similarly, because the mind has good mercy, in the original state of the mind that the mind is not concealed, the mind can naturally move according to the mind without the help of human determination. As Yangming said: “If you don’t know anything, you don’t know, the original body is like this. It’s like when the sun is not yet filled with thoughts, but nothing is gone. No light, no light, it was originally the original body of Japan. A confidant is originally unaware, but now he must know; he knows nothing,
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